How Does a Superior Slitter Rewinder Machine Ensure High-Speed Precision

In today’s high-speed manufacturing, speed and accuracy are no longer optional; they are necessities. Whether producing packaging film, rewinding paper, slitting fabric, or converting rubber, industries rely on machines for high-speed accuracy. Of all the machines that cut and recreate rolled products, the slitter rewinder machine is the main event in industrial cutting equipment.

These machines (downstream converting machines) take very large master rolls of material and turn them into rolls of small rolls of exactly the right length for downstream processes, production, or final use.

Importantly, slitter rewinders are not all created equal. There is a difference between a basic machine and a high-quality slitter rewinder machine. The difference represents real money, a profit or a loss on the bottom line, consistent quality control or wasted materials.

A high-quality slitter rewinder machine incorporates advanced engineering, intelligent automation, and attention to detail that creates an environment that ensures every cut is clean, every roll is properly wound, and every operational moment is productive.

A slitter rewinder machine is sophisticated industrial cutting equipment that is used to slit (cut) large rolls of material into narrower rolls, then rewind them accurately for further use or shipment. Slitter rewinders are found in many industries, such as packaging, paper, textiles, film, label manufacturing, and rubber.

Some key types of slitter rewinder machines are as follows:

Paper slitting machine / paper roll slitting machine
Film slitting machine
Fabric slitting machine / textile slitting machine
Rubber-cutting machine / rubber sheet slitting machine
Label rewinder machine
BOPP tape slitting machine
Turret winder and KTI turret rewinder

Each one varies based on the material being converted. Each machine has specifications based on its performance to operate efficiently, while we all strive to deliver exact slitting on all models.

How a Slitter Rewinder Functions: The Main Concept

The main concept behind a slitter rewinder is simple, yet it is executed with very technical detail.

Here is a simplified step-by-step explanation of a typical slitter rewinder machine.

Unwinding

A large roll of material (weighing hundreds of kilograms) is mounted to the unwinder shaft. The machine unwinds the material at a consistent speed, with regulated speed and constant tension in order to avoid stretching or tearing.

Slitting Method

The unwound web is fed through multiple slitter blades or knives – precision-engineered cutting tools to cut the material to narrower widths. The method of slitting, of course, may be razor slitting, shear slitting, or score slitting, depending on the materials and application.

Tension System

As the material passes through the equipment, sensors and control systems (closed-loop systems) continuously monitor tension and adjust based on tension in the process. Continuous tension is important because any variation in the process will result in inconsistent cutting, wrinkles, telescoping rolls, or broken material.

Rewinding

When slitted, the narrow strips are wound onto new cores. The pressure and torque on the rewinder shafts are also precisely applied to ensure each roll is wound neatly and tightly.

Finished Product

The finished, or final, product is multiple smaller rolls of material that were cut to specification and neatly wound.

The integration of cutting, tension control, and rewinding seamlessly together and done continuously at linear speeds greater than 800-1000 metres per minute is what defines the slitter rewinder as such an essential machine to modern industrial production.

The Essence of a Quality Slitter Rewinder Machine

All slitter rewinder machines operate on the same principles; however, not all machines are designed to achieve very high speed and precision. It is at that moment that the term “quality” becomes relevant. A quality slitter rewinder machine is designed to withstand the most rigorous industrial demands with precision while sustaining higher productivity and machine speed.

So what distinguishes one machine as better than another? Precision engineering, advanced control systems, and rugged mechanical designs are the answers. Now let’s discuss each of these.

1. Enhanced Tension Regulation—The Key to Precision

Tension is one of the primary variables in the slitting and rewinding process. Too much tension will stretch or tear the material.

Too little tension can lead to slack in the web, misalignment, or inconsistent rolling of the web onto the rewind cores. A first-rate slitter rewinder machine employs closed-loop tension regulation systems with sensors and feedback systems enforcing automatic tension regulations throughout the slitting and rewinding process.

Modern slitter rewinders will have:

Load cells and web tension sensors for the direct measurement and on-line reporting of the current tension
Automatic brake and drive adjustments to provide for steady web tension
Dancer rolls and pneumatic controls settle the web into any tension transitional states from speed changes

This intelligent control provides for not only flat rolls but also the precision processing of soft and delicate films, from lightweight fabrics to high-elasticity rubber sheets, all at speeds greater than 1000 m/min.

2. High-Precision Slitter Blades—Clean and Accurate Cuts

The slitter blade is the center of the slitting machine. The cut is only as good as the quality, sharpness, and alignment of the slitter blade.

Excellence in slitting machinery uses either hardened steel or tungsten carbide slitter blades that offer micrometer adjustments for perfect cuts every time.

Straight cuts with no finished product burrs or frayed edges and manufactured cut edges are critical in many industries, such as flexible packaging and labeling operations.

For example:

For film slitting machines, ultra-thin and ultra-sharp razor blades ensure no film distortion occurs.
For rubber sheet cutting and trimming, heavy-duty rotary blades can easily cut thick rubber sheets.
In a fabric slitting machine, shear blades can keep the fabric from fraying and properly cut the edge.
Easy-change blades and flap mechanisms provide the best for carefree downtimes. Backed by blade auto-aligning mechanisms prevent mistakes and will stay consistent on long runs.

3. Precision Roll Alignment – Exemplary Rewinding Every Time

Just as accurate slitting is essential, so is accurate rewinding. One of the biggest headaches in production comes from the problem of not winding the roll accurately and then facing all kinds of production issues downstream, including machine jams and wasted product.

A high-quality slitter rewinder will designate rewinding to an automated roll alignment system that guarantees accurate winding to the core for each slit web, without present telescoping, air pockets or misalignment.

Some features include:

Servo-rated rewind shafts for micro-positioning
Rewind shafts capable of sensing diameter of the roll to apply consistent torque throughout the teaching process
Edge guiding system for perfect tracking of the web

When the winder takes position of the left or right rewind shafts (either the thin BOPP film, heavy paper rolls, or flexible textiles), the results are always the same: neat, tight, and uniform rolls ready to be used.

4. Intelligent Automation and Control Systems – Precision at Your Fingertips

Modern slitter rewinders are no longer merely mechanical machines – they are intelligent production systems. Leveraging its sophisticated PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) concept, complete with touchscreen HMIs and IoT (Internet of Things) connected equipment, these systems allow operators total control and immediate feedback over every setting.

Some capabilities of smart control systems include:

Pre-set recipes for different materials
Automatic adjustments for speed, tension and blade location
Error detection and predictive maintenance warnings
Integration with factory automation and Industry 4.0 systems

This degree of automation not only improves precision but also eliminates human error, decreases setup time and increases efficiencies overall production.

5. Rugged Construction – Designed for Speed and Stability

The accuracy of a machine is determined only by what its construction allows. When a machine is operating at high speeds, there are large mechanical forces at play, and even small vibrations can be detrimental. Quality slitter rewinders are constructed with heavy steel frames, precision-turned rollers, and balanced shafts to ensure there is no vibration and also long-term mechanical stability.

Furthermore:

Dynamic balancing of rotating components ensures the effective and smooth operation of the machine and vibration-free operation

Precision bearings and guides keep the machine running true while reducing wear

High torque motors and drives will, without doubt, provide predictable performance at full speed

If the strength of the construction is proper, then the machine can be expected to run continuously for long hours – no small feat in the fast-paced industries of paper converting, flexible packaging and textile finishing.

The Impact of Speed in Today’s Manufacturing World

In our lives where time is money, speed is no longer just an operational metric — it is, in fact, a competitive advantage for a manufacturer. Manufacturers across all industries are being asked to deliver higher speed, greater accuracy, and a better value without sacrificing quality. This is exactly where a quality slitting rewinding machine is a game changer.

In the past, traditional slitter machines struggled to provide both speed and accuracy. To get more speed out of the machine meant an inevitable trade-off – either they sacrificed cutting accuracy or economic material handling. Today’s higher-performance machines, with advanced servo motors, automated control systems, and optimised slitting technology, can run at exceptionally high speeds and maintain micrometre accuracy.

This balance isn't just a technical accomplishment – it's a lifeline to business. Speed means:

Shorter lead times; reduced time-to-market.
Higher throughput ensures the ability to meet larger orders.
Lower cost per unit contributing profit margins.
More flexibility to accommodate different material types and roll sizes.

As a case in point, in the flexible packaging industry, both speed and accuracy directly affect shelf life, brand reputation, compliance, and preservation of product. If the slitting machine misaligns even slightly, the cut will not be square (90 degrees).

Why does this matter?

As the filled roll is wound on the machine, the roll will not be wound flat and may lead to package spills or rejected batches.

Real-World Applications: Where Precision Meets Purpose

The multifunctionality of slitter rewinder machines makes them useful in numerous applications and industries. Each industry has different requirements for precision, speed, and handling of material—and modern machines can achieve all of these requirements.

1. Flexible Packaging

In flexible packaging, materials like BOPP, PET, LDPE, and laminated film need to be slit and rewound perfectly, with very tight tolerances. An error in either the width or the tension of the material can cause defects in sealing, printing or performance.

A film slitting machine or BOPP tape slitting machine will allow you to manufacture rolls that are perfectly cut at a high production speed, which is critical in packaging for snacks, pharmaceuticals, and FMCG.

2. Paper & Printing

Paper converters need to rely on a paper slitting machine to convert jumbo rolls into smaller, finely cut widths for printing, notebooks, packaging and tissue.

A paper roll slitting machine will give operators a consistent, high-speed production of rolls that are absolutely aligned with normal tension, which prevents wrinkling, misalignment, or telescoping.

3. Textile and Apparel Industry

In textiles, accuracy is key. A fabric slitting machine, or textile slitting machine, is responsible for cutting rolls of cloth with precision so that they are prepared for the considered operational processes that take place in cutting machines for garments, or automatic textile cutting machines.

There are large textile industry-grade fabric slitting machines, and there are also smaller options in the reams of clothing cutting machines, known as mini cloth cutting machines for more niche use.

4. Rubber and Industrial Material

When processes take place with rubber sheets, you will see the use of heavy-duty solutions, such as rubber sheet cutters, rubber cutting machines, and rubber sheet slitting machines. These types of machines are built to cut thicker and denser materials while also ensuring straight, clean-style cuts that are needed for automotive, construction, and seal-type applications.

5. Electrical & Motor Winding

Specialized motor winding machines, transformer rewinding machines, or electric motor winding equipment, or other types of machines rely on materials to be slit for insulation. Using high-precision slitting ensures the slit insulation that is used is consistent and reliable, which are both important for electrical functioning and safety.

6. Specialty Converting and Label Production

Label rewinder machines and slitting lines for speciality materials rely on cutting with precision to be of importance for branding, traceability, and functionality for end use.

Overall, automated slitting and winding would require the cut labels, say a roll label or roll labels, to be cut with great standardisation that is ready to use with high-speed label applicators.

The Emotional Connection Behind Your Equipment: It's More Than a Machine

Behind every high-speed, high-precision machine is more than just equipment – it’s the promise of quality, trust, and growth.

For example, think of the packaging company that lands a major client because the rolls it provides are consistently perfect and arrive on time.

Now, think of how a textile company is able to cut waste by 20% because it is able to more accurately slit fabric, or a paper converter that is able to adapt to new suppliers quickly and easily and expand their business to overseas clients because the rolls they produce are consistently high quality regardless of how far they travel.

These things happen every day, and they all start because of a decision about which slitter rewinder to purchase. A better slitter doesn’t simply produce rolls – it allows companies to think bigger, produce faster and compete globally.

There is an emotional connection here too. Whether you are an engineer or an operator, we often talk about the pride of the machine.

It reliably runs for years. Projects that once seemed impossible just became routine. It is success for the entire company. It’s not just machinery; it’s the heart of every production line.

What to Consider When Selecting a Slitter Rewinder Machine.

With all the choices available – automatic cloth-cutting machines, coil slitting machines, turret winders, fabric rewinding machines, etc. – how do you find the right slitter rewinder machine for your mill? Below are major considerations:

Material Type & Thickness.

This really is about the materials you will use the most (paper, film, fabric, rubber, etc.). You have to find a machine that works specifically with these materials.

Cutting Width & Speed Requirements.

Does your production capacity require? Again, machines differ greatly in speed (300 m/min up to 1000+ m/min) and cutting width. Make sure that the specifications line up with what you are trying to accomplish.

Automation & Control Features.

Advanced features such as PLC control, auto tension, and optio connection can enhance specification of levels of accuracy anywhere from 0.1 to 0.3 mm and help slow down the amount of downtime.

Blade Quality & Slitting Method.

The cutting method needs to match the material (razor, shear, or score). The machine must be able to use high-quality and durable slitter blades that are easy to change.

Durability & Build Quality.

You will want to see heavy-duty functionality with build quality in mind!! Krishna Engineering Works builds machines that last and have greater reliability and assurance.

After-Sales Support & Service.

Service support and warranty are as important as the machine itself!! Find out which manufacturer provides a support plan & spare parts of listening machines, if implementation training is included, etc.

Why Krishna Engineering Works Is a Reputed Global Partner

For decades, Krishna Engineering Works has been a global manufacturer of slitter rewinder machines, rewinder machines, and industrial cutting machines.

We have earned the reputation and status of precision engineering, innovation, and reliability with companies in the packaging, paper, textiles, rubber, and electrical industries when it comes to achieving production quality in their processes that is world-class.

We manufacture machines, including film slitting machines, paper roll slitting machines, BOPP tape slitting machines, fabric roll slitting machines, and turret rewinders, using the latest in automation, blade technology, and construction to deliver speed, precision, and long-lasting performance.

We don't just manufacture machines; we are manufacturers who build partnerships that help them grow, innovate, and become leaders in their industries.

Accuracy with slitter-rewinder machine

As the rapidly increasing pace of modern manufacturing continues, success will be found by those who intersect speed, accuracy and reliability—a best-in-class slitter rewinder machine is a construction more than an industrial tool; it is a growth engine, a representation of quality, and a conduit for innovation.

From industrial fabric cutters to paper slitting equipment, automatic textile cutting machines and electric motor winding machines, the technology behind today's slitter rewinders is pushing the boundaries of what was previously possible on the factory floor.

As industries change and demand increases, the type of slitter rewinder you choose will determine your output, efficiency and reputation. Choose wisely. Choose excellence. Choose a company like Krishna Engineering Works, where high-speed accuracy is not just a feature but a guarantee.

Real-World Applications of Slitter Rewinder Machines in Modern Industries

As we move away from the analysis of the engineering marvel and high production demand of slitter rewinder machines, it's just as important to investigate where and how these powerful systems impact our modern world.

The real worth of a quality slitter rewinder machine lies far beyond the unique features of the machine or the machine element itself; the worth is highlighted in real-world utilisation that changes how we think about manufacturing.

Allows producers to meet demand and continuously develops a product that is tested with quality, speed and precision.

In manufacturing across the globe, companies cannot operate without slitter rewinders, as they are often an essential part of a production line.

Whether it be packaging, printing, textiles, rubber, electrical elements and beyond, slitting rewinder machines provide easy, accurate versatility and efficiency to manufacturing processes of all sizes.

Slitting rewinder machines are able to cut, slit and rewind products to micron tolerances. Because of this, industries can produce reliable and quality products at a cost-effective rate while being efficient.

Flexible Packaging and Film Industry

The flexible packaging and film industry is among the highest-volume users of slitter rewinder machines, which is understandable. Product presentation, shelf life, and brand image all rely on packaging materials being produced as precisely as possible.
High-speed film slitter machines and BOPP tape slitter machines convert large master rolls into equally sized rolls that can be used on packaging lines.

Whether it’s plastic films, laminates, BOPP tapes, or flexible packaging materials, a high-quality slitter rewinder produces clean, uniform edge cuts and exact widths.

This is crucial for both aesthetic appeal and for the functional performance of packaging, to help avoid cutting, tearing, leaks or misaligned products.

For instance, company Krishna Engineering Works designed roll slitting machines and rewinder machines with features capable of handling flimsy flexible materials quickly and efficiently with minimal waste.

Modern turret winders and fabric rewinding machines allow for more automation in that they can operate continuously with the same machine and without human intervention, further atomising production.

This can also lead to faster run times, more output, and reduced labour costs associated with having people changeover rolls, all while remaining consistent with quality standards.

The paper and printing industry requires impeccable accuracy and dependability, which is why paper slitting machinery, paper rewinding machinery, and paper roll slitting machinery are so essential.

All the work to convert jumbo rolls of newsprint, kraft paper, coated stock, and speciality papers is irrelevant without the slitting and rewinding machinery providing a quality end roll.

High-performance slitter rewinders are able to deliver tight, uniform end rolls with properly trimmed edges. This is critically important to the successful operation of printing presses, packaging lines, and converting machines.

Poorly slit or uneven rolls can lead to paper jams, misalignment and downtime — all things that cost time and money. Utilising quality industrial slitting machinery supplied by manufacturers such as Krishna Engineering Works will ensure maximum productivity, less waste and proper flow through the downstream operations.

Additionally, modern rewinder machinery has the versatility to handle a wide range of substrate weights—from heavy cardboard to lightweight paper substrates—while also delivering efficient function with constant tension and control.
Automatic tension control, web guiding and slitter blade technology improve consistency and quality production results across all production runs.

Textile and Garment Industry

The textile industry is another space that relies heavily on slitter rewinder machines and fabric cutting machines, as precise cutting and rewinding are necessary for product quality and waste reduction throughout the entire process – from raw fabric to finished garments.

Machines such as fabric slitting machines, industrial fabric cutting machines, automatic textile cutting machines and garment cutting machines allow fabric manufacturers to cut rolls into widths and lengths with precision.

These cut fabrics allow manufacturers of textile products (both apparel and home textiles) to stay within manufacturer specifications for dimensional tolerances, as well as uniformity within a roll of fabric, both necessary for producing apparel and home textile products of high quality.

Digital auto fabric cutters, electric cloth cutting machines, and mini cloth cutting machines all serve different production runs, from small to large-scale operations. Fabric rewinding machines also assist in preparing rolls of fabric for the next stage of production by preparing the rolls, inspecting them and finishing charges, often during the fabric cutting step of production.

Even small discrepancies can generate problems with garment production. Misalignments of pattern designs or wasted materials can all result from minor cutting mistakes.

Integrating industrial cutting tables or automatic cloth cutting machines can improve efficiency by providing a smooth repeat process with a reduced incidence of mistakes once the cutting parameters are set.

If cost efficiency and production processes are important, even used slitter rewinders can provide confidence in performance reliability, extend life expectancy of sewing equipment, and increase ROI.

Refining Precision in the Rubber, Electrical, and Industrial Markets

A superior slitter rewinder machine is worth its weight in gold, and it does much more than serve its purpose on packaging, paper, and textiles.

In many heavy-duty and specialised manufacturing industries, where product materials are stronger and tolerances become stricter, the ability to cut and slit and rewind those materials accurately and with high precision becomes mission-critical.

This is where modern industrial cutting equipment and industrial slitting solutions demonstrate their value and performance—namely, achieving results that impact productivity, safety, and quality of the final product.

Rubber and Industrial Materials

Processing rubber and industrial materials is one of the most demanding applications for slitter rewinder machines.

Whether rubber sheets, foam, conveyor belts, or other elastomer-based products, these materials require both precision and heavy slicing forces.

That is why manufacturers utilise custom rubber sheet cutters, rubber sheet cutting machines, and rubber sheet slitting machines that are designed specifically for heavy materials without sacrificing cut quality or machine performance.

True, accurate slitting or rewinding that is specific to rubber is important since the future processes can include sealing, insulation, automotive parts, or industrial machines.

A small variation in width or edge quality may cause significant performance issues in the final product.

Therefore, the industry is reliant on robust, advanced industrial fabric cutters and rubber cutting machines that can manage heavy materials while functioning at high speeds and with consistent outputs.

The integration of coil slitting equipment also has a significant role to play in industries where rubber and composite or multi-layer materials such as foil and laminate need to be used in conjunction.

These hybrid solutions ensure that versatility is key for manufacturers, who can work with multiple materials on a single slitting and rewinding platform.

It doesn't matter if they are working with conveyor belts, gaskets, or other industrial sealing materials; the process always results in the same end product – consistent rolls that are uniform enough to meet high-quality standards.

Electrical and Motor Winding Industries

Electrical and motor winding industries denote another crucial sector where slitter rewinder machines and related technologies are critical.

Consistency in cutting and rewinding conductive materials such as copper foil, insulation tapes, and laminates is essential for proper functioning, safety, and durability of electrical devices and components.

This is where specialised machines such as electric motor winding machines, transformer rewinding machines, and possibly electric motor winding equipment come in, as all are geared towards providing precise control over tension, edge quality and roll uniformity.

Thus, they are all very special and critical for the reliable applications of motor windings and transformers.

For example, any deviation in width or thickness of insulation margins of insulation materials can lead to overheating, inefficiency, or even failure of the electrical device.

Therefore, superior rewinder machines or slitter rewinders will allow the operator to develop rolls that conform to the strict expectations of the electrical industry.

Innovations such as automatic tension (pressure) control, laser slitting, and precision slitter blades produce the consistency therefore required for sensitive electrical manufacturing applications.

Additionally, as clean energy solutions become standardised, manufacturers are embracing their products as high-performance slitting and rewinding machines more frequently produce components for electric motors, transformers, or renewable energy sources, respectively.

Improving Efficiency and Saving Costs in All Industries

The ability of a slitter rewinder machine to provide consistent quality and performance across various materials and industries is what makes it exceptional.

No matter if that material is light, delicate plastic films, heavy-duty rubber sheets, sensitive electrical insulation, or heavy-weight industrial laminates, the correct machine will achieve precision, speed, and repeatability each and every time.

Incorporating automation elements, advanced control systems, and energy-efficient designs, modern slitting and rewinding solutions will drastically reduce operating costs.

Reducing material waste, decreasing downtime, and enabling rapid changeovers all contribute to increased productivity, increased profitability, or both. This is particularly true when a manufacturer partners with a trusted supplier.

for example, Krishna Engineering Works. Krishna offers functional slitting and rewinding machines, fabric roll slitting machines, and paper-cutting machines designed for the exceptional versatility and the reliability needed today.

Additionally, many manufacturers use used slitter rewinders if the advantages they offer suit their budget.

Refurbished slitter rewinders and unwinding machines are built to hold a level of precision and productivity capable of achieving companies' goals of productivity and profitability.

At the same time, used machines offer functional testing, guarantees, and training if the company continues to operate in its own facility. Used machines are worth their price and can provide small to medium-sized businesses an affordable method to scale up operations.

In sectors such as production or conversion of machine knives, cutting tools, or industry-related knife companies, determining the best equipment partner guarantees not just production success and operational efficiencies but overall business growth in the future.

The combination of quality machine design, engineering excellence, and proactively designed automation will lead to specifications and production environments that are faster, cleaner, and more efficient production lines, which will be the future of the industrial manufacturing environment.

Reasons to Select Krishna Engineering Works

When you invest in a quality slitter rewinder machine, experience, innovation and trust mean everything. This is how Krishna Engineering Works distinguishes itself from the competition. With decades of experience manufacturing world-class slitting and rewinding machines, we have earned our reputation for delivering slitting and rewinding machines that incorporate the latest technology and never jeopardise reliability.

Our line of machines includes roll slitting machines, fabric roll slitting machines, paper rewinder machines, rubber sheet cutting machines, electric motor winding machinery, and transformer rewinding machines to meet industrial needs across the globe. The machines we build experience expert precision engineering, high-speed performance, long-lasting durability, and the highest quality output.

We will not just manufacture a machine for your strategic production machinery but also offer customised options for your business and ongoing long-term partnership. At Krishna Engineering Works, our strength is to provide after-sales support, training and service, and quick availability of parts to ensure your production is always up and running. If you are looking for an automatic textile cutting machine, turret winder, or slitting line, we can tailor your options and help you change the way you work and achieve your production goals.

Investing in precision to enable a smarter future for industry with Krishna Engineering Works

In the fast-moving world of industrial manufacture, where every millimetre and every second count, the value of a first-class slitter rewinder machine is hard to quantify. This is more than a machine; it’s the engine of the production line, it’s the driver of efficiency, and it provides a quality assurance for your product.

From paper roll slitting machines to fabric-cutting machines, rubber cutters, coil slitting equipment, or motor-winding machines, slitting and rewinding technology has advanced to allow manufacturers to do more with lower costs, cleaner manufacturing, and efficiency, all at a speedier and cleaner process. The expansion of automation, AI and smart systems is revolutionising the industry, and the decision upon a machine becomes a crucial consideration that determines how the next, evolved, business will operate.

By choosing to partner with Krishna Engineering Works, you are choosing to partner in a future that excites with the promise of precision and performance. We can help get your company where they need to be to stay ahead of competition in this new era – to adapt to changes in expected product behaviour in order to remain competitive and relevant to the customer. If you want precision, performance, and quality in every cut and every roll, then partner with Krishna Engineering Works.